What does NPO stand for in a medical context?

NPO stands for "Nothing by mouth," which is a medical directive indicating that a patient should not consume any food or drink. This instruction is typically given before surgeries, medical procedures, or tests that require an empty stomach to ensure patient safety and to minimize the risk of complications such as aspiration pneumonia during anesthesia.

Understanding the significance of NPO is crucial for healthcare professionals, as it guides pre-procedural care and helps maintain proper protocols within medical settings. In contrast, the other options do not accurately describe the NPO directive and pertain to different medical contexts or protocols that may not involve dietary restrictions.