What is the term for rubbing or friction resulting from the skin moving in one direction while the underlying bone remains fixed or moves in the opposite direction?

The correct term for the phenomenon described is shearing. Shearing occurs when the skin is pulled in one direction while the underlying bone is either stationary or moving in the opposite direction. This action creates an internal stress on the skin and tissues, which can lead to skin damage or even pressure ulcers if the forces are significant and sustained. Understanding shearing is crucial in caregiving, especially for individuals with limited mobility, as it helps in preventing skin injuries and maintaining overall skin integrity.

Friction, although related, involves the surface of the skin rubbing against another surface without the movement of internal structures, while compression refers to the force applied to an area that crushes or squashes the tissue. Traction involves the stretching of the skin or body tissues, often used therapeutically, but does not describe the opposing directional movement that characterizes shearing. Recognizing these differences helps caregivers better assess and respond to the needs of patients in their care.