What is the term for the permanent painful shortening of a muscle, tendon, or ligament?

The term for the permanent painful shortening of a muscle, tendon, or ligament is "contracture." This condition occurs when muscle fibers or connective tissues shorten and tighten, leading to limited mobility and flexibility in the affected area. Contractures can result from various factors, including prolonged immobility, neurological disorders, or systemic conditions, resulting in stiffness and discomfort.

Understanding contractures is crucial for CNAs as they frequently assist patients with mobility and rehabilitation. Identifying signs of contractures early can help in implementing strategies to prevent or mitigate their development, such as regular range-of-motion exercises and repositioning. This proactive approach can improve the quality of life for patients by maintaining mobility and reducing pain associated with muscle and tendon tightness.

The other terms—spasm, cramps, and strain—represent different conditions that do not describe the permanent nature of a contracture. Spasms and cramps involve temporary involuntary muscle contractions, while a strain refers to an injury to a muscle or tendon that usually involves tearing or overstretching.