What should be done if a patient experiences shortness of breath?

When a patient experiences shortness of breath, the best course of action is to sit them up, reassure them, and alert a nurse immediately. Sitting the patient up helps to ease breathing by allowing the diaphragm to move more freely and improving lung expansion. This position also reduces the pressure on the lungs from the abdominal organs, which can be especially beneficial in cases of respiratory distress.

Reassuring the patient helps to alleviate anxiety, which can often accompany shortness of breath and can further exacerbate the sensation of difficulty breathing. The immediate notification of a nurse is crucial, as medical professionals need to assess the patient's condition and provide appropriate interventions or treatments based on their evaluation. Ensuring the patient receives timely medical assistance is essential in situations where respiratory issues may indicate a more serious underlying problem.

The other options either do not provide appropriate care for the patient's symptoms or could potentially worsen the situation. For example, lying the patient flat may hinder their ability to breathe comfortably, and asking them to take deep breaths without professional guidance can lead to hyperventilation or increased anxiety. Encouraging physical activity is also not suitable when a patient is experiencing shortness of breath, as this would likely exacerbate their symptoms rather than alleviate them.